© Gary
Cameron/Reuters
i.Borneo - Hari
Ibu adalah masa yang istimewa untuk menunjukkan wanita dalam kehidupan anda
berapa banyak anda menghargai mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan hasil
kajian baru-baru ini, beberapa ibu yang bekerja di negeri-negeri tertentu
mungkin layak penghargaan tambahan - dan bukan hanya pada satu hari.
WalletHub
telah mengeluarkan satu kajian yang kelihatan pada beberapa isu butang panas
yang berkaitan dengan kesaksamaan gender: sistem jagaan harian, kos penjagaan
kanak-kanak, jurang gaji jantina, dan nisbah eksekutif eksekutif-ke-lelaki
perempuan. Keputusan Tidak Sedap. Untuk ibu-ibu di Nevada, Alabama, South
Carolina, Louisiana, dan Alaska - baik, pastikan untuk menunjukkan kepada
mereka kasih sayang tambahan pada Ahad.
Working mothers in the US still face greater
poverty and difficulties . . .
Mother’s
Day is a special time to show the women in your life how much you value them.
However, based on the findings of recent research, some working mothers in
certain states may deserve extra appreciation – and not just on one day.
WalletHub
has released a study that looks at several hot button issues associated with
gender equality: day care systems, child care costs, the gender pay gap, and
female executive-to-male executive ratio. The results were not great. For moms
in Nevada, Alabama, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Alaska – well, be sure to
show them some extra love on Sunday.
pekerjaan ibu: label baju membangkitkan tuduhan
#sexism di Itali (Mom's job: Clothing label stirs #sexism accusations
in Italy) http://on.rt.com/vflzxr
Hampir
75 % peratus daripada ibu tunggal adalah ahli tenaga kerja, menurut satu kaji
selidik 2014 Jabatan Buruh Amerika Syarikat. Selain itu, wanita mewakili hampir
separuh daripada tenaga kerja Amerika Syarikat, menurut Biro Statistik Buruh.
Namun bagi ramai wanita, mengimbangi kerja dan keluarga boleh menjadi sukar -
terutamanya apabila dasar cuti ibu bapa, jagaan harian kos efektif, dan jurang
gaji berbeza dari negeri ke negeri.
Sebagai
contoh, Idaho disusun semula peraturan jagaan harian pada tahun 2011 untuk
mengurangkan keperluan untuk menjalankan pusat jagaan harian. Walaupun pada
masa itu, Idaho kedudukan mati lalu bagi pengawasan jagaan harian dan
peraturan, Spokesman-Review melaporkan. Walau bagaimanapun, walaupun mendapat
bahawa peraturan yang diluluskan adalah sukar kerana pembangkang sosial
konservatif di Idaho House
Beberapa
penggubal undang-undang menolaknya atas kepercayaan bahawa ibu-ibu perlu
tinggal di rumah dengan anak-anak mereka, seperti Idaho Wakil Steven Thayn
(R-Emmett), yang berkata, "Sebagai berasingan daripada ibu anda ada sebab
untuk percaya ini boleh menjadi berbahaya," dan Wakil Tom Loertscher
(R-Iona), yang dipanggil bil "menakutkan," sambil bertanya, "Apa
yang kita boleh lakukan untuk menjaga ibu di rumah?"
2007
versi rang undang-undang itu pada mulanya ditembak jatuh, tetapi akan pergi
untuk lulus pada tahun 2011.
Bagi
wanita di Alabama, peluang profesional mungkin sukar didapati. Inisiatif Luar
Bandar Hitam Wanita Southern mendapati bahawa 10.6 % peratus daripada wanita
dalam Alabama hidup dalam kemiskinan dengan bilangan setinggi 56 % peratus di
daerah-daerah luar bandar, seperti Lowndes, walaupun kadar pengangguran 15.4% peratus di daerah yang sama.
Nearly
75 percent of single mothers are members of the workforce, according to
a 2014 US Department of Labor survey. In addition, women represent nearly half
of US labor, according to
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Yet for many women, balancing work and family
can be difficult – particularly when parental leave policies, cost-effective
day care, and wage gaps vary from state to state.
For
example, Idaho restructured its day care regulations in 2011 in order to ease
the requirements for running day care centers. Even at that time, Idaho ranked
dead last for day care oversight and regulation, the Spokesman-Review reported.
However, even getting that regulation passed was difficult due to socially
conservative opposition in the Idaho House
Some
legislators rejected it on the belief that mothers should stay at home with
their children, such as Idaho Representative Steven Thayn (R-Emmett), who said,
“Being separate from your mother
there’s reason to believe this could be harmful,” and Representative Tom
Loertscher (R-Iona), who called the bill “gut-wrenching,” while asking, “What can we do to keep mom at home?”
The
2007 version of the bill was initially shot down, but would go on to pass in
2011.
For
women in Alabama, professional opportunities may be scarce. The Southern Rural
Black Women’s Initiative found that
10.6 percent of women in Alabama live in poverty with numbers as high as 56
percent in rural counties, such as Lowndes, despite an unemployment rate of
only 15.4 percent in the same county.
Kad Draft Wanita:
Rumah belakang jawatankuasa keperluan bagi wanita mendaftar untuk draf (Woman
Draft Card: House committee backs requirement for women to register for draft) http://on.rt.com/7bch
Bagi
ibu-ibu tunggal di Alabama, keadaan adalah lebih buruk. Hampir separuh daripada
ibu tunggal di Alabama hidup dalam kemiskinan, dengan kadar mencapai 68 % peratus
pada Conecuh County.
Kentucky
mempunyai jurang gaji yang paling tinggi di antara lelaki dan wanita - topik
hangat. Perkongsian Kebangsaan untuk Wanita dan Keluarga mendapati bahawa
pendapatan 40 % peratus daripada 224.996 isi rumah yang diketuai oleh wanita di
Kentucky jatuh di bawah garis kemiskinan, dan wanita yang bekerja sepenuh masa
menerima purata $ 32,157 setahun, berbanding dengan purata $ 42,321 yang
diperolehi oleh rakan-rakan lelaki mereka.
Walaupun
realiti suram yang dihadapi oleh ibu yang bekerja di Amerika Syarikat, terdapat
tanda-tanda bahawa keseimbangan kehidupan kerja-keluarga boleh menjadi lebih
terkawal. Sehingga April 2016, California, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Washington
dan New York telah semua ditandatangani keluarga undang-undang insurans cuti
negeri dibayar. Mereka masih belum dilaksanakan di Washington, bagaimanapun,
atas sebab-sebab kewangan.
For
single mothers in Alabama, the situation is even more dire. Nearly half of
single mothers in Alabama live in poverty, with the rate reaching 68 percent in
Conecuh County.
Kentucky
had the highest wage gap between men and women – an increasingly hot topic. The
National Partnership for Women and Families found that
the incomes of 40 percent of the 224,996 households headed by women in Kentucky
fell below the poverty line, and women working full-time receive an average of
$32,157 a year, compared to an average of $42,321 earned by their male
counterparts.
Despite
the grim reality faced by working mothers in the US, there are signs that the
work-family life balance could be becoming more manageable. As of April of
2016, California, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Washington, and New York had all
signed state paid family leave insurance laws. They have yet to be implemented
in Washington, however, due to financial reasons.
