BRICS timurJAUh- Sergey
Naryshkin dan Xi Jinping telah menyifatkan Perkongsian perjanjian Trans-Pasifik
sebagai satu percubaan untuk mewujudkan struktur tertutup dan berahsia yang
akan menggantikan Pertubuhan Perdagangan Dunia, sambil menambah bahawa Rusia
dan China amat menentangnya.
Pertemuan
antara penutur speaker Duma Negara Rusia, presiden China dan Ahli Parlimen
berlangsung di Beijing pada Khamis. Mesyuarat itu sendiri telah ditutup kepada
media, tetapi Naryshkin dan ketua Jawatankuasa Duma Negeri untuk Hubungan
Antarabangsa, Aleksey Pushkov, didedahkan acara kemuncak kepada pemberita dalam
komen selepas Rossiyskaya Gazeta setiap hari.
Duma
chief, China leader condemn ‘US attempt to control international trade’
Sergey
Naryshkin and Xi Jinping have described the Trans-Pacific Partnership treaty as
an attempt to create a closed and secretive structure that would replace the
World Trade Organization, adding that Russia and China are strongly opposed to
it.
The
meeting between the Russian State Duma speaker, the Chinese president and MPs
took place in Beijing on Thursday. The meeting itself was closed to the press,
but Naryshkin and the head of the State Duma Committee for International
Relations, Aleksey Pushkov, disclosed its highlights to reporters in subsequent
comments to Rossiyskaya Gazeta daily.
Menurut
Pushkov, pegawai tertinggi Rusia dan China mengkritik perjanjian perdagangan
diketuai Amerika Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik (TPP). Xi Jinping mengulas mengenai
kenyataan Barack Obama baru-baru ini pada perdagangan global - di mana beliau
berkata bahawa peraturan perdagangan antarabangsa mesti dikenakan oleh Amerika
Syarikat dan sekutu-sekutunya, dan tidak China - dengan mengatakan bahawa pada
pandangan beliau, kaedah-kaedah itu perlu dipersetujui bersama oleh semua
bangsa di DUNIA, bukan mana-mana satu tertentu.
Ketua
Duma Rusia berkata bahawa TPP telah dibentuk dalam suasana rahsia, dan bahawa
ia boleh dianggap sebagai struktur tertutup kerana tidak Rusia atau China telah
dijemput untuk mengambil bahagian dalam proses. Naryshkin juga melahirkan
kebimbangan mengenai kemungkinan penggantian masa depan WTO oleh TPP dan blok
ekonomi yang sama, mengatakan bahawa Rusia dan China menentang secara bersama
kepada senario sedemikian.
"Kaedah-kaedah
Universal perdagangan antarabangsa perlu dibincangkan dalam tidak ada tempat
selain WTO, dan semua pihak yang berkepentingan perlu mengambil bahagian dalam
perbincangan ini. Rusia dan China akan terus mempertahankan kedudukan ini dalam
pelbagai organisasi antarabangsa, "Naryshkin kepada pemberita selepas
mesyuarat itu.
TPP
ialah serantau perjanjian perdagangan bebas yang dicadangkan yang
ditandatangani pada Februari tahun ini sebanyak 12 negara di rantau Asia
Pasifik, termasuk Amerika Syarikat, Australia, Brunei, Kanada, Chile, Jepun,
Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapura dan Vietnam. Perjanjian itu
masih belum berkuat kuasa kerana ia perlu disahkan oleh semua ahli-bangsa.
Pada
akhir 2014 Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin berkata bahawa perjanjian Perkongsian
Trans-Pasifik tidak akan berkesan jika ia tidak termasuk pemain serantau utama
seperti Rusia dan China. "Jelas sekali, Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik adalah
hanya satu lagi percubaan Amerika Syarikat untuk membina satu kerangka
kerjasama ekonomi serantau yang Amerika Syarikat akan mendapat manfaat
daripada," kata Presiden Rusia dalam temu bual dengan media massa Cina
berkaitan lawatan rasminya ke Beijing.
"Pada
masa yang sama, saya percaya bahawa ketiadaan dua pemain utama serantau seperti
Rusia dan China dalam komposisinya tidak akan menggalakkan penubuhan
perdagangan berkesan dan kerjasama ekonomi," tambah pemimpin Rusia.
Pada
Disember 2015 Putin dicadangkan untuk membentuk blok ekonomi yang akan
bertindak sebagai alternatif kepada TPP dan meminta kerajaan untuk mula membuat
hubungan dengan negara-negara Asia.
According
to Pushkov, top Russian and Chinese officials were critical of the US-led
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement. Xi Jinping commented on Barack
Obama’s recent remarks on global commerce – in which he said that the rules of
international trade must be imposed by the United States and its allies, and not
China – by saying that in his view, such rules must be agreed jointly by all
the nations of the world, not any particular one.
The
Russian Duma chief said that the TPP was being formed in an atmosphere of
secrecy, and that it could be described as a closed structure because neither
Russia nor China have been invited to participate in the process. Naryshkin
also expressed concern over the possible future replacement of the WTO by the
TPP and similar economic blocs, saying that Russia and China are jointly opposed
to such a scenario.
“Universal rules of international
trade must be discussed in no place other than the WTO, and all interested
parties must take part in this discussion. Russia and China will continue to
defend this position in various international organizations,” Naryshkin
told reporters after the meeting.
The TPP
is a proposed regional free-trade agreement which was signed in February this
year by 12 states in the Asia-Pacific region, including the US, Australia,
Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore
and Vietnam. The agreement has not yet come into force as it has to be ratified
by all member-nations.
In late
2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the Trans-PacificPartnership
agreement would not be effective if it excludes key regional players such as
Russia and China. “Obviously, the
Trans-Pacific Partnership is just another US attempt to build an architecture
of regional economic cooperation that the US would benefit from,” the
Russian president said in an interview with the Chinese mass media in
connection to his official visit to Beijing.
“At the same time, I believe that the absence
of two major regional players such as Russia and China in its composition will
not promote the establishment of effective trade and economic cooperation,”
the Russian leader added.
In
December 2015 Putin proposed to form an economic bloc that would act as an
alternative to the TPP and asked the government to start making contact with
Asian countries.
"Saya
mencadangkan bahawa kita dan negara-negara Kesatuan Ekonomi Serani lain harus
menendang-keluar perundingan dengan ahli-ahli Pertubuhan Kerjasama Shanghai
[SCO] dan Persatuan Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara [ASEAN] kepada perkongsian
ekonomi yang mungkin," kata Putin kerana dia dialamatkan parlimenRusia.
"I suggest that we and other Eurasian
Economic Union countries should kick-off consultations with members of the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation [SCO] and the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations [ASEAN] on a possible economic partnership," Putin said as
he addressed the Russian parliament.
Russian
President Vladimir Putin (RIA Novosti/Michael Klimentyev) /RIA Novosti
BRICS timurJAUh- Perkongsian
Trans-Pasifik AS-dicadangkan (TPP) tidak akan dapat untuk menggalakkan
perdagangan yang berkesan dan kerjasama ekonomi jika ia tidak termasuk pemain
serantau utama, seperti Rusia dan China, Presiden Rusia berkata menjelang
lawatannya ke Beijing untuk ke-25 APEC puncak.
US-backed TPP to be
ineffective without Russia, China - Putin
The
US-proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) won’t be able to promote effective
trade and economic cooperation if it excludes key regional players, like Russia
and China, Russian President said ahead of his visit to Beijing for 25th APEC
summit.
"Jelas sekali, Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik
adalah hanya satu lagi percubaan Amerika Syarikat untuk membina satu kerangka
kerjasama ekonomi serantau yang AS akan mendapat manfaat daripada," kata
Presiden Rusia dalam temu bual dengan media Cina. "Pada masa yang sama,
saya percaya bahawa ketiadaan dua pemain utama serantau seperti Rusia dan China
dalam komposisinya tidak akan menggalakkan penubuhan perdagangan berkesan dan
kerjasama ekonomi."
TPP adalah perjanjian perdagangan bebas serantau
yang dicadangkan, yang sedang dirundingkan oleh 12 negara di rantau Asia
Pasifik, termasuk Amerika Syarikat, Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Kanada,
Chile, Jepun, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapura dan Vietnam.
Ia telah dirancang bahawa rundingan untuk
melancarkan Perkongsian akan siap antara tahun 2005 dan 2012, tetapi isu-isu
yang kompleks seperti pertanian, harta intelek, pelaburan dan lain-lain
menyaksikan perbincangan berterusan sehingga sekarang.
Namun, Presiden Putin menegaskan, ia tidak mudah
untuk menilai kemajuan yang telah dicapai dalam rundingan Perkongsian
Trans-Pasifik.
"Inisiatif ini dijalankan secara tertutup,
walaupun perniagaan dan orang awam di negeri-negeri yang berkontrak tidak
mempunyai akses kepada maklumat itu, mari negara lain semata-mata. Sepanjang
lima tahun yang lalu rundingan, kita telah berulang kali mendengar tentang
kejayaan yang dicapai, tetapi kenyataan seperti itu sentiasa menafikan
kemudian, "katanya.
“Obviously, the Trans-Pacific Partnership is
just another US attempt to build an architecture of regional economic
cooperation that the US would benefit from,” the
Russian President said in an interview with Chinese media. “At the same time, I believe that the
absence of two major regional players such as Russia and China in its
composition will not promote the establishment of effective trade and economic
cooperation.”
The TPP
is a proposed regional free-trade agreement, which is being negotiated by 12
states in the Asia-Pacific region, which include the US, Australia, Brunei
Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,
Singapore and Vietnam.
It was
planned that the talks to launch the Partnership would be completed between
2005 and 2012, but complex issues like agriculture, intellectual property,
investments and others saw the discussion continue until now.
Yet,
President Putin stressed, it is not easy to evaluate the progress, which has
been achieved in the talks on Trans-Pacific Partnership.
“This initiative is carried out behind closed
doors, even businesses and the public of the contracting states have no access
to it, let alone other countries. Over the past five years of negotiations, we
have repeatedly heard about the success achieved, but such statements have
always been refuted later,” he
said.
Ramai
pakar melihat TPP sebagai usaha Washington untuk menangani APEC (Kerjasama
Ekonomi Asia-Pasifik) di tengah-tengah pengaruh yang semakin meningkat Rusia
dan China di rantau ini.
Dilancarkan
kembali in1989, APEC adalah satu forum 21 negara Pacific Rim bertujuan untuk
menggalakkan perdagangan bebas dan kerjasama ekonomi di seluruh rantau Asia
Pasifik.
Presiden
Rusia mengakui bahawa organisasi perjanjian perdagangan bebas serantau yang
berbeza kini "salah satu trend global."
Bagaimanapun,
beliau menegaskan bahawa perjanjian perdagangan bebas "tidak boleh
memecahkan sistem perdagangan pelbagai hala, tetapi melengkapkan ia, menyumbang
kepada penyatuan dan pertumbuhan saling," katanya.
"Kesatuan
serantau tidak boleh bertukar antara satu sama lain atau sebaliknya
dibahagikan. perjanjian itu perlu telus, adil dan memenuhi keperluan setiap
ekonomi. integrasi serantau harus telus dan menggalakkan perkongsian maklumat
antara semua proses rundingan, "ketua negara Rusia dijelaskan.
Menurut
Putin, mereka adalah prinsip, dipatuhi dalam pelaksanaan Rusia "projek
integrasi keutamaan," Kesatuan Serani Ekonomi (EEU), kesatuan politik dan
ekonomi antara Rusia, Belarus, Kazakhstan dan Armenia yang akan berkuat kuasa
pada 1 januari 2015.
Many
experts view the TPP as Washington’s attempt to counter APEC (Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation) amid growing influence of Russia and China in the region.
Launched
back in1989, the APEC is a forum of 21 Pacific Rim states aimed at promoting
free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
The
Russian president acknowledged that organization of different regional free
trade agreements is currently “one of the global trends.”
However,
he stressed that the free trade agreements “shouldn’t fragment the multilateral
trading system, but rather complement it, contribute to its consolidation and
growth of interconnectedness.”
“The
regional unions should not be turned against each other or otherwise divided.
Such agreements should be transparent, fair and address the needs of each
economy. Regional integration should be transparent and promote
information-sharing between all the negotiations processes,” the head of the
Russian state explained.
According
to Putin, those are the principles, strictly followed in the implementation of
Russia “priority integration project,” the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), a
political and economic union between Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Armenia
that will go into effect on 1 January 2015.
"Nilai-nilai
dan prinsip-prinsip aktiviti ini persatuan itu adalah telus dan dilaksanakan
dengan mematuhi sepenuhnya peraturan-peraturan Pertubuhan Perdagangan
DUNIA," kata Presiden.
Ke-25
APEC sidang kemuncak tahunan akan diadakan di ibu negara China, Beijing, pada
November 10-11, dengan orang-orang seperti Presiden China Xi Jinping, Presiden
Amerika Syarikat, Barack Obama, Presiden Rusia Vladimir Putin dan Perdana
Menteri Jepun Shinzo Abe di kalangan para hadirin.
Mengenai
hubungan antara Moscow dan Beijing, Presiden Rusia mengulangi bahawa
"mengukuhkan hubungan dengan Republik Rakyat China adalah keutamaan dasar
luar Rusia."
"Hari
ini, hubungan kita telah mencapai tahap tertinggi perkongsian berasaskan
kepercayaan saksama menyeluruh dan interaksi strategik di seluruh sejarah
mereka," katanya.
Moscow
dibuat pivot ke arah Beijing selepas Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Eropah
mengenakan sekatan ke atas Rusia ke atas peristiwa-peristiwa di Ukraine pada
awal tahun ini. Pada bulan Mei, kedua-dua negara menandatangani $
400 billion perjanjian untuk membina Power saluran paip Siberia, yang akan
menyampaikan 4 trilion meter padu gas ke China lebih 30 tahun.
Perdagangan
keseluruhan antara Rusia dan China meningkat sebanyak 3.4 peratus pada separuh
pertama 2014, mencapai $ 59.1 bilion. Bank-bank pusat kedua-dua negara
baru-baru ini telah menandatangani 3 tahun mata wang ruble-yuan pertukaran
perjanjian sehingga $ 25 bilion, untuk meningkatkan perdagangan menggunakan
mata wang negara dan mengurangkan pergantungan kepada dolar dan euro.
“Values
and principles of this association’s activities are transparent and carried out
in full compliance with the rules and regulations of the World Trade
Organization,” the President said.
The
annual 25th APEC summit will take place in Chinese capital, Beijing, on
November 10-11, with the likes of Chinese President Xi Jinping, US President
Barack Obama, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Japanese Prime Minister
Shinzo Abe among the attendees.
As for
relations between Moscow and Beijing, the Russian president reiterated that
“strengthening ties with the People’s Republic of China is a foreign policy
priority of Russia.”
“Today,
our relations have reached the highest level of comprehensive equitable
trust-based partnership and strategic interaction in their entire history,” he
said.
Moscow
made a pivot towards Beijing after the US and EU imposed sanctions on Russia
over the events in Ukraine earlier this year. In May, the two countries signed
a $400 billion deal to construct the Power of Siberia pipeline, which will
deliver 4 trillion cubic meters of gas to China over 30 years.
Overall
trade between Russia and China increased by 3.4 per cent in the first half of
2014, reaching $59.1 billion. The central banks of the two countries recently
have signed a three-year ruble-yuan currency swap deal up to $25 billion, in
order to boost trade using national currencies and lessen dependence on the
dollar and euro.
BRICS timurJAUh- Presiden
Rusia Vladimir Putin bercadang untuk membentuk blok ekonomi, sebagai alternatif
kepada Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik diketuai Amerika Syarikat (TPP). Beliau telah
meminta kerajaan untuk mula membuat hubungan dengan negara-negara Asia.
"Saya
mencadangkan bahawa kita dan negara-negara Serani Kesatuan Ekonomi lain harus
menendang-off perundingan dengan ahli-ahli Pertubuhan Kerjasama Shanghai (SCO)
dan Persatuan Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) kepada perkongsian ekonomi
yang mungkin," kata Putin, menangani Parlimen Rusia pada Khamis.
Putin
seeks alliance to rival TPP
Russian
President Vladimir Putin intends to form an economic bloc, as an alternative to
the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). He has asked the government to
start making contacts with Asian countries.
"I
suggest that we and other Eurasian Economic Union countries should kick-off
consultations with members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on a possible economic
partnership," said Putin, addressing the Russian Parliament on Thursday.
Putin
mahu Rusia untuk menjadi pengeksport terbesar dunia bagi makanan Non-GMO (Putin
wants Russia to become world's biggest exporter of Non-GMO food)http://on.rt.com/6ygt
SCO
termasuk China, Rusia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. negara-negara lain
yang memegang status pemerhati dengan organisasi termasuk India, Iran, Belarus,
Pakistan, Afghanistan dan Belarus.
ASEAN
menyatukan Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Vietnam dan
negara-negara Asia yang lain.
SCO
includes China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. Other countries
holding observer status with the organization include India, Iran, Belarus,
Pakistan, Afghanistan and Belarus.
ASEAN
unites Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and other
Asian countries.
tips
#TPP: Apakah Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik dan mengapa anda perlu mengambil berat (#TPPtips: What is the Trans-Pacific
Partnership and why you should care)http://on.rt.com/6t56
Putin
berkata bahawa negara-negara Asia membentuk 1/3 daripada ekonomi
DUNIA.
Menurut
Presiden Federation, fasa awal kerjasama itu akan memberi tumpuan kepada
perlindungan pelaburan, pengoptimuman barang bergerak merentasi sempadan,
pembangunan bersama piawaian untuk pengeluaran teknologi generasi akan datang
dan memberi akses kepada perkhidmatan dan pasaran modal.
Putin
added that these Asian countries make up a third of the world’s economy.
According
to the Russian President, the initial phase of the partnership would focus on
the protection of investments, optimization of goods moving across borders, joint
development of standards for the production of next-generation technology and
giving access to services and capital markets.
"Perkongsian
ini hendaklah berasaskan kepada prinsip-prinsip kesaksamaan dan kepentingan
bersama," kata Putin.
Seperti
persekutuan akan meningkatkan eksport Rusia ke rantau Asia Pasifik; ini
termasuk tenaga, kejuruteraan, pendidikan, perkhidmatan perubatan dan pelancongan,
katanya. Putin berkata ini juga akan meningkatkan pelaburan di Rusia
“This
partnership should be based on the principles of equality and mutual
interest," said Putin.
Such an
alliance would boost Russian exports to the Asia-Pacific region; this includes
energy, engineering, educational, medical and tourist services, he said. Putin
added this would also increase investment in Russia
BRICS timurJAUh-Sedozen
negara Pacific Rim dilaporkan telah mencapai persetujuan mengenai Perkongsian
Trans-Pasifik, berahsia, pakatan Amerika Syarikat-dirancang yang bertujuan
standard biasa di kalangan ahli-ahlinya. Pembangkang berkata perjanjian itu
adalah lebih banyak lanjut mengenai penyatuan kuasa daripada "perdagangan
yang adil."
Apakah
Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik (TPP)?
Perjanjian
perdagangan global terbesar dalam tempoh 20 tahun, TPP termasuk Amerika
Syarikat, Australia, Brunei, Kanada, Chile, Jepun, Malaysia, Mexico, New
Zealand, Peru, Singapura dan Vietnam. Bangsa-bangsa bersama-sama terdiri
daripada 40 % peratus daripada ekonomi global.
What
is the Trans-Pacific Partnership
and why you should care . . .
A dozen
Pacific Rim nations reportedly reached an agreement on the Trans-Pacific
Partnership, the secretive, US-orchestrated pact that seeks common standards
among its members. Opponents say the deal is more about consolidation of power
than "fair trade."
What
is the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)?
The
largest global trade agreement in 20 years, the TPP includes the United States,
Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,
Singapore and Vietnam. These nations together comprise 40 percent of the global
economy.
BUTIRANTERPERINCI: TPP perjanjian meliputi 40%
daripada ekonomi DUNIA, rundingan telah berlaku selama 5 thn (DETAILS: TPP deal
covers 40% of world’s economy, negotiations have been going on for 5 yrs) http://on.rt.com/6t49
Presiden
Amerika Syarikat, Barack Obama telah mempromosikan tawaran sebagai satu cara
untuk mengukuhkan hubungan ekonomi antara Amerika Syarikat dan negara-negara
Asia yang berkembang pesat yang mengelilingi China.
US
President Barack Obama has promoted the deal as a way of solidifying economic
relations between the United States and fast-growing Asian countries that
surround China.
Kemenangan
besar untuk pekerja Amerika Syarikat: @POTUS hanya mendapat kontrak perdagangan
yang membantu kelas menengah (Big win for U.S. workers: @POTUS just secured a trade deal that helps
the middle class)http://go.wh.gov/trade #TPP
"TPP
adalah baik untuk perniagaan Amerika dan pekerja Amerika . . . kami akan
membuat kes berdasarkan merit tentang mengapa ia akan membuka pasaran bagi
barangan Amerika, eksport Amerika, dan mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan
Amerika," kata Obama dalam satu kenyataan pada 28 April .
Manfaat
ekonomi daripada perjanjian itu akan pergi kepada syarikat-syarikat, bukan
pekerja dalam mana-mana negara yang mengambil bahagian, lawan berkata. kesatuan
sekerja, antara yang lain, telah berbaris untuk menentang TPP berdasarkan
kebimbangan terhadap beberapa isu, termasuk manipulasi mata wang, perlindungan
alam sekitar dan kesihatan, keselamatan makanan, monopoli farmaseutikal, luar
pesisir pekerjaan, privasi internet, ketelusan kerajaan, dan tempatan kawalan.
“TPP is
good for American businesses and American workers...we will make the case on
the merits as to why it will open up markets for American goods, American
exports, and create American jobs,” Obama said in a statement on April 28.
The
economic benefits of the deal will go to corporations, not workers in any of
the participating nations, opponents say. Labor unions, among many others, have
lined up to oppose the TPP based on concerns over a number of issues, including
currency manipulation, environmental and health protections, food safety,
pharmaceutical monopolies, offshoring of jobs, internet privacy, government
transparency, and local control.
Perjanjian
itu juga telah dikritik kerana kekurangan ketelusan, kerana kandungan TPP telah
disimpan secara rahsia yang ketat. draf bocor rundingan TPP telah mencadangkan
bahawa syarikat akan dibenarkan untuk menyaman kerajaan di mahkamah swasta atas
kehilangan keuntungan kerana peraturan, meningkatkan entiti korporat kepada
status yang dipegang oleh negara-negara berdaulat.
Lawan
juga mengatakan TPP adalah kurang tentang perdagangan dan lebih lanjut mengenai
muslihat geopolitik dan penguasaan korporat lanjut ke atas hal ehwal
perdagangan dan pelaburan negara-negara yang mengambil bahagian.
The
deal has also been criticized for its lack of transparency, as the contents of
the TPP have been kept in strict secrecy.Leaked draftsof TPP negotiations havesuggestedthat corporations would be allowed
tosue governments in private courtsover lost profits due to regulation,
elevating corporate entities to the status held by sovereign nations.
Opponents
also say TPP is less about trade and more about geopolitical maneuvering and
further corporate domination over participating nations' trade and investment
affairs.
"Sudah 29 draf bab TPP ini, hanya 5
perjanjian dengan isu-isu perdagangan tradisional," menurut Public
Citizen, sebuah pemantau ketelusan kerajaan yang telah mengikuti TPP.
"Satu bab akan menyediakan insentif kepada pekerjaan luar pesisir ke
negara-negara bergaji rendah. Ramai akan mengenakan had ke atas dasar-dasar
kerajaan yang kita bergantung kepada dalam kehidupan seharian kita untuk
makanan yang selamat, persekitaran yang bersih, dan banyak lagi. Dasar persekutuan,
negeri dan tempatan domestik kita akan dikehendaki mematuhi peraturan TPP."
Apakah syarat-syarat TPP?
Mengetahui apa, sebenarnya, adalah di dalam TPP
telah hampir mustahil untuk ketika ini, walaupun ahli-ahli Kongres Amerika
Syarikat, yang mempunyai akses terhad kepada kandungan pakatan itu. Rundingan
perdagangan 5 tahun panjang telah disimpan sebagai rahsia yang mungkin. Walau
bagaimanapun, beberapa syarat-syarat perjanjian yang telah dibocorkan oleh
penyokong ketelusan seperti Wikileaks.
"Of TPP's 29 draft chapters, only five deal
with traditional trade issues,"accordingto Public Citizen, a government
transparency watchdog that has followed the TPP. "One chapter would provide incentives to offshore jobs to low-wage
countries. Many would impose limits on government policies that we rely on in
our daily lives for safe food, a clean environment, and more. Our domestic
federal, state and local policies would be required to comply with TPP rules."
What are the conditions of the TPP?
Knowing
what, exactly, is inside the TPP has been nearly impossible to this point, even
for members of the US Congress, who have limited access to the pact's contents.
The five-year-long trade negotiations have been kept as secret as possible.
However, some terms of the agreement have been leaked by transparency advocates
like Wikileaks.
Istilah
bocor menunjukkan bahawa syarikat-syarikat multinasional dan industri utama,
seperti Big Pharma, operasi di Amerika Utara, Amerika Selatan dan Asia akan
diberikan kuasa yang luas untuk mencabar kedaulatan peraturan kerajaan
negara-negara ', peraturan, tindakan dan keputusan mahkamah - persekutuan,
negeri, atau tempatan - sebelum tribunal yang dianjurkan di bawah Bank Dunia
atau PBB. Sistem ini telah dikenali sebagai "penyelesaian pertikaian
pelabur-negeri" sistem (ISDS).
Pada
bulan Mac, Wikileaks mengeluarkan satu bab perjanjian itu mengenai ISDS.
Thoseleaked terms suggestthat multinational companies and
major industries, such as Big Pharma, operating in North America, South
America, and Asia will be granted broad powers to challenge sovereign
nations' government regulations, rules, actions and court rulings – federal,
state, or local – before tribunals organized under the World Bank or the United
Nations. This system has been called the "investor-state dispute settlement" (ISDS)
system.
In March,
Wikileaks released a chapter of the pact concerning ISDS.
"Enakmen bab bocor akan meningkatkan US
liabiliti ISDS tahap yang tidak disangka oleh yang baru memberi kuasa kepada
kira-kira 9,000 syarikat milik asing dari Jepun dan negara-negara TPP lain yang
beroperasi di Amerika Syarikat untuk melancarkan kes terhadap kerajaan
berhubung dasar-dasar yang sama berkaitan dengan dalam dan luar negeri firma,
"jelas Citizen Awam.
"Enactment of the
leaked chapter would increase U.S. ISDS liability to an unprecedented degree by
newly empowering about 9,000 foreign-owned firms from Japan and other TPP
nations operating in the United States to launch cases against the government
over policies that apply equally to domestic and foreign firms," Public
Citizen explained.
Bab
harta intelek TPP ini, sehingga 11 Mei, telah dibocorkan pada bulan Jun untuk
Politico oleh lawan daripada perjanjian itu. Peruntukan dalam teks draf isyarat
kesukaran yang melampau untuk pembuat ubat-ubatan generik untuk bersaing dengan
farmaseutikal jenama-nama di luar negara. Mereka juga akan menyekat jualan
dalam Amerika Syarikat untuk "biologik," generik rawatan yang baru
dan mahal untuk maladies berbahaya, sekali gus menyekat pilihan rawatan Amerika'.
Dalam
setiap isu yang dibincangkan dalam bab - dari tempoh dan lanjutan paten untuk
pengekalan data oleh syarikat-syarikat farmaseutikal - perunding Amerika
Syarikat menyokong kedudukan syarikat ubat besar dan selalu diminta ketat
peruntukan harta intelek, dokumen itu menunjukkan.
Mengulas
pengumuman itu bahawa rundingan TPP antara 12 negara telah membuat kesimpulan,
Doktor Tanpa Sempadan mengeluarkan kecaman yang kuat implikasi perubatan dan
kesihatan pakatan itu.
"Yang
rugi besar dalam TPP adalah pesakit dan penyedia rawatan di negara-negara
membangun." berkata Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Frontières
(MSF), callling TPP "perjanjian perdagangan yang paling teruk untuk akses
kepada ubat-ubatan di negara-negara membangun, yang akan dipaksa untuk mengubah
undang-undang mereka untuk menggabungkan kesat perlindungan harta intelek bagi
syarikat farmaseutikal."
Kumpulan
itu berkata perjanjian itu akan "menaikkan harga ubat-ubatan untuk
berjuta-juta dengan tidak perlu melanjutkan monopoli dan melambatkan lagi
persaingan generik merendahkanharga".
TPP's
intellectual property chapter, as of May 11, was leaked in June to Politico by
an opponent of the deal. Provisions in the draft textsignaled
extreme difficultyfor
makers of generic drugs to compete with brand-name pharmaceuticals overseas.
They would also block sales inside the US of generic “biologics,” new and expensive
treatments for dangerous maladies, thus restricting Americans’ treatment
options.
On
every issue discussed in the chapter – from duration and extension of patents
to data retention by pharmaceutical companies – US negotiators advocated the
position of big drug companies and always demanded stricter intellectual
property provisions, the document indicates.
Responding
to the announcement that the TPP negotiations between the 12 nations have
concluded, Doctors Without Borders issued a strong denunciation of the pact's
medicinal and health implications.
The
group says the deal will "raise
the price of medicines for millions by unnecessarily extending monopolies and
further delaying price-lowering generic competition."
Bagi
satu lagi contoh kesan perjanjian ini, pentadbiran Obama taraf kedudukan
Malaysia mengenai pemerdagangan manusia pada bulan Julai, menaikkannya dari
peringkat bawah, dalam satu langkah yang pemerhati percaya telah dilakukan
untuk memastikan Amerika Syarikat secara sah boleh membuat suatu perjanjian
perdagangan dengan Malaysia.
"Rekod
Malaysia mengenai berhenti pemerdagangan orang adalah jauh daripada mencukupi
untuk mewajarkan kenaikan taraf ini," kata Human Rights Watch dalam satu
kenyataan kepada Reuters. "Peningkatan ini adalah lebih lanjut mengenai
politik perdagangan TPP dan Amerika Syarikat daripada apa-apa yang Malaysia
lakukan untuk memerangi penyeludupan manusia."
Bagaimana
TPP menjadi kenyataan?
Amerika
Syarikat telah membawa pertuduhan sepanjang tempoh rundingan perjanjian
perdagangan itu. Di dalam Amerika Syarikat, pakatan itu telah ditentang secara
meluas oleh Demokrat dalam parti Obama sendiri, manakala Republikan telah
umumnya menyokong usaha.
Baca
lebih lanjut: Perbadanan shell keluar $ 1.2mn sumbangan Senat untuk pantas TPP
Walau
bagaimanapun, dalam satu pukulan teater politik menguasai oleh pentadbiran
Obama dan sekutunya, kontroversi awam di Amerika Syarikat di kalangan kelas
politik di Washington berehat dalam menawarkan cawangan eksekutif "pantas pihak berkuasa" - secara
rasmi dikenali sebagai Lembaga Promosi Perdagangan - untuk menjalankan dan
membuat kesimpulan undang-undang perdagangan. Pada hakikatnya, ini memberikan
Kongres mempunyai hak untuk menerima atau menolak perjanjian muktamad, tetapi
tidak membuat apa-apa perubahan kepada mereka.
As for
another example of the agreement's ramifications, the Obama
administrationupgradedMalaysia’s ranking on human trafficking in July, raising it from the bottom
tier, in a move that observers believe was done to ensure the US can legally
enter into a trade agreement with Malaysia.
“Malaysia’s record on stopping trafficking in
persons is far from sufficient to justify this upgrade,”Human Rights Watch said in a statement to
Reuters. “This upgrade is more
about the TPP and US trade politics than anything Malaysia did to combat human
trafficking.”
How did the TPP materialize?
The
United States has led the charge throughout the trade deal's negotiation
period. Inside the US, the pact was widely opposed by Democrats in Obama's own
party, while Republicans have generally supported the effort.
Walau
bagaimanapun, dalam satu pukulan teater politik menguasai oleh pentadbiran
Obama dan sekutunya, kontroversi awam di Amerika Syarikat di kalangan kelas
politik di Washington berehat dalam menawarkan cawangan eksekutif "pantas pihak berkuasa" - secara rasmi
dikenali sebagai Lembaga Promosi Perdagangan - untuk menjalankan dan membuat
kesimpulan undang-undang perdagangan. Pada hakikatnya, ini memberikan Kongres
mempunyai hak untuk menerima atau menolak perjanjian muktamad, tetapi tidak
membuat apa-apa perubahan kepada mereka.
However,
in a stroke of masterful political theater by the Obama administration and its
allies, the public controversy in the US among the political class in
Washington rested in offering the executive branch "fast-track authority" – officially known as
Trade Promotion Authority – to conduct and conclude trade legislation. In
effect, this gives Congress the right to accept or reject the final agreements,
but not to make any changes to them.
Jadi,
pada kali perbahasan penuh benci di kalangan ahli-ahli politik bahagian adalah
lebih menawarkan presiden semasa dan penggantinya kuasa tertinggi lebih
transaksi perdagangan besar-besaran seperti TPP, tidak sama ada rundingan atau
terma apa-apa perjanjian yang layak mengikuti pengajian di tempat pertama.
Selepas
beberapa undi gagal dalam kedua-dua Dewan Amerika Syarikat dan Senat, kedua-dua
chamberseventually diberikan Obama berkuasa pantas pada bulan Jun. Obama
menandatangani rang undang-undang pada akhir bulan itu.
Sekarang
bahawa rundingan telah membuat kesimpulan, apa yang akan datang?
Negara-negara
yang mengambil bahagian banyak sekarang meluluskan draf TPP sebagai adalah,
menyampaikan kepada mereka oleh pegawai perdagangan masing-masing. Di Amerika
Syarikat, "pelbagai keperluan notis kongres dan laporan pemfailan menambah
sehingga kira-kira 4 dan setengah bulan antara notis perjanjian akhir dan undi
kongres yang diambil," kata Pengarah dasar perdagangan Citizen Raya Lori
Wallach dijelaskan. "Walaupun semua garis masa sedang yang direka-reka
oleh notis 90 hari kepada Kongres sebelum menandatangani, undi TPP tidak boleh
berlaku pada tahun 2015."
So, the
at-times rancorous debate among top politicians was over offering the current
president and his successors supreme power over massive trade deals like TPP,
not whether such negotiations or terms of an agreement are worthy of pursuing
in the first place.
After several failed votes in both the US House and Senate, the twochamberseventuallygrantedObama fast-track authority in June.
Obamasignedthe
bill later that month.
LISTEN MORE/DENGAR LAGI:
Now that negotiations have concluded, what's next?
Participating
nations much now approve the TPP draft as is, presented to them by their
respective trade officials. In the US, "various
congressional notice and report filing requirements add up to about four and
one half months between notice of a final deal and congressional votes being
taken," Public Citizen's trade policy director Lori
Wallachexplained. "Even if all of the timelines are fudged by the 90-day notice to
Congress before signing, a TPP vote cannot occur in 2015."
Wallach
berkata banyak lawan kongres perjanjian itu sedang membuat bising mengenai
peruntukan perjanjian ini, kerana sekurang-kurangnya 10 calon presidenAmerika Syarikat, termasuk Demokrat Bernie
Sanders dan Hillary Clinton, serta Republikan Donald Trump. Kesimpulannya
kesepakatan juga perlu menghitung dengan kehendak politik dan kitaran daripada
11 negara-negara lain yang terlibat, yang bermaksud bahawa TPP tidak keluar
dari dalam hukum rimba lagi.
Polling,
sementara itu, telah mencadangkan bahawa Amerika tidak memihak kepada transaksi
perdagangan seperti TPP, yang tidak popular di semua negara yang mengambil
bahagian kecuali Vietnam, demikian menurut satu kajian Pew baru-baru ini.
Wallach
added that many congressional opponents of the deal are making noise about the
agreement's provisions, as are at least ten US presidential candidates,
including Democrats Bernie Sanders andHillary Clinton, as well as Republican Donald Trump. The deal's conclusion must also reckon
with the political whims and cycles of the other 11 nations involved, meaning
that the TPP is not out of the woods just yet.
Polling,
meanwhile, has suggested that Americans arenot
in favorof
trade deals like the TPP, which is unpopular in all participating nationsexcept for Vietnam, according to a recent Pew survey.
Melinda St. Louis, Watch Perdagangan Global Citizen Raya & Zahara Heckscher, Writer/Pendidik/Keadilan Sosial Advocate menyertai Thom. Wakil-wakil dari 12 negara berkumpul di ibu negara yang paling terpencil di dunia akhirnya menandatangani Perkongsian Trans-Pasifik. Apa kesan ini akan mempunyai usaha untuk menghalang perjanjian itu di sini di Amerika Syarikat?
Untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai cerita-cerita yang kami telah dilindungi melawat laman web kami di thomhartmann.com - freespeech.org - dan RT.com. Anda juga boleh menonton persembahan malam ini di Hulu - di Hulu.com/THE BIG PICTURE dan lebih di Laman Big Picture YouTube. Dan - pastikan anda ‘check us out on’ Facebook dan Twitter!
What Today's TPP Signing Means
Melinda St. Louis, Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch & Zahara Heckscher, Writer/Educator/Social Justice Advocate join Thom. Representatives from 12 countries are gathering in the world's most remote capital to finally sign the Trans-Pacific Partnership. What effect will this have on the effort to block the deal here in the US?
For more information on the stories we've covered visit our websites at thomhartmann.com - freespeech.org - and RT.com. You can also watch tonight's show on Hulu - at Hulu.com/THE BIG PICTURE and over at The Big Picture YouTube page. And - be sure to check us out on Facebook and Twitter!
Dalam Al Quran Allah Mengarah Perhatian Kita Kepada: ‘Kebajikan’ . . .
Firman Allah Taala:
“Bukanlah perkara kebajikan itu hanya kamu menghadapkan muka ke timur & ke barat, tetapi kebajikan itu ialah: (1) berimannya seseorang kepada Allah, (2) Dan hari akhirat, (3) Dan segala malaikat, (4) Dan segala Kitab, (5) Dan sekalian Nabi2; (6) Dan mendermanya seseorang akan hartanya sedang ia menyayanginya, (7) Dan kepada kaum kerabat, (8) Dan anak-anak yatim (9) Dan orang-orang miskin (10) Dan orang yang terlantar dalam perjalanan, (11) Dan kepada orang-orang yang meminta-minta, (12) Dan untuk memerdekakan hamba-hamba abdi; (13) Dan mengerjanya seseorang akan sembahyang (14) Dan serta mengeluarkan zakat; (15) Dan perbuatan orang-orang yang menyempurnakan janjinya apabila mereka membuat perjanjian; (16) Dan ketabahan orang-orang yang sabar dalam masa kesempitan, (17) Dan dalam masa kesakitan, (18) Dan juga dalam masa bertempur dalam perjuangan perang As-Sabirin. (Orang-orang yang demikian sifatnya), mereka itulah orang-orang yang benar (beriman dan mengerjakan kebajikan): Dan mereka itulah juga orang-orang yang bertaqwa”. (Al baqarah : l77)
In the Qur'an Allah Directing our attention to: 'Welfare' . . .
AS GOD Almighty Say in the HOLY 'QURAN:
“It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces to the East and the West, but righteousness is (1) who believes in Allah, (2) and the Last Day, (3) and the Angels, (4) and the Book , (5) and the Prophets; (6) and giveth wealth, for love of Him, - (7) to relatives, (8) and orphans (9) and the poor (10) and the wayfarer in need, (11) and to those who ask, (12) and for freeing slaves; (13) and be steadfast in prayer (14) and give alms; (15) and deeds of those who keep their promise when they make a promise; (16) and the fortitude of those who are patient in hardship, (17) and in pain, (18) and also in time of war fought in the struggle for As-Sabirin. (Such people are), they are the ones who actually (believe and do good works); and they are also those who fear Him”. (Al Baqarah: 177)
“Don't let yourself left behind by the Train”
MALAY Far East @1WORLDCommunity Project: 'Poverty Killer'
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